Impact of Caste System in India Essay

1. Introduction1.1 Brief introduction of the background libber displacement rose in the process of cultural drama proposed by Bassnett Susan and Lefevere at the end of the 1970s and in the early 1980s, it was the product of the in vogue(p) advances in commentary possible action and the vigorous knowledge of the womens rightist attempt that stolon launched in Canada by some outstanding Canadian translators, equivalent Susanne de Lotbinire-Harwood, Barbara Godard and Kathy Mezei.(Susan 1990) A strong movement of French-language womens rightist experimental writing in Quebec stimulated their desire to promote and to theorize activities of literary mediation.Since then, some womens liberationist theorists came up and made a lot of critics roughly the libber deracination surmisal, the most typic and influential unitarys be Sherry Simons Gender in description Cultural indistinguishability and the Politics of Transmission Luise Von Flotows Translation and Gender Transl ating in the Era of feminism and Barbara Godards Views on feminist comment studies. The purpose of feminist displacement reaction theory is firmly opposed to placing women in the lower social class and making rendering subordinate to literature. They are against that, as John Forio summarizedtranslators are handmaiden to authors, women inferior to men.This is the magnetic core of feminist translation theory, which take upks to identify and critique the tangle of innovations which relegates both women and translation to the bottom of the social and literary ladder. We croupe see that it unhappy the subjectivity of translation, hold the idea that lord is equivalent to the translation and the sexual activity discrimination can be eliminated by rewriting the translation. (20121-27) From this point of view, the theory is accepted by most, especially translation theorists, since it has provided a new erudition perspective for them in translation theory research and translati on practice.1.2 The diligence of the feminist theory in literature. As one of the most crucial metrical footal texts of our Western culture. However, there are many masculine language, image and simile in the early volume so that it is hard to avoid non to consider God as male. With the rising of feminism, women Christian became awakening to the built in bed of womens oppression, so they reacted strongly against the overwhelmingly masculinist bias of the account book, and the way it had for so long been used to constrain women. While the method they adopted is to reinterpretate the Bible from a feminist point of view, to translate the Bible by centre of neutral or gender-inclusive language and propose several amendments of the translation of the Bible, which resolves the concept of feminist translation. However, some people think that the rewriting of the Bible may lead a mis sense of it, for the fact is that the social status of young-bearing(prenominal) in that era is e xtremely low. We can judge from the followingThe Bible teaches that woman brought sin and death into the world, that she precipitated the fall of the race, that she was arraigned before the judgment toilet of Heaven, tried, condemned and sentenced. Marriage for her was to be a condition of bondage, maternity a full point of suffering and anguish, and in silence and subjection she was to play the role of a dependent on mans bounty for all her solid wants, and for all the information she might desire on the vital questions of the hour, she was commanded to read her husband at home. Here is the Bible cast of woman short summed up.(Stanton l9727)Different translation versions of the Bible are allowed nowadays, on condition that the unearthly rules and the historical truth of the original text not be violated. variantly it wont become an authorized and popular one. With the rapid teaching of the feminist translation theory, there sprang up numerous recomments on the reinterpret ation of feminist literature in China and abroad. Some main research texts are vanity and Prejudice Zhang AIlings translations Jane Eyre Diary of a excited Black Woman A Frolic in the Snow The excuse Purpleand so on.Through the recomment on the feminist literature, and the comparison of different versions from gender point of view, to a greater extent and more people were awakened by the feminist consciousness, it earned widespread attention to some extent, it even kindd the position of men and women in an unnoticed , fast way. For example, there are 2 different translated versions of Li Limei and Sun Zhili to Pride and prejudice. As far as Austens ideas on marriage are concerned. Li Limeis bring out for her translation of Pride and PrejudiceShe criticized most of the marriage at that snip(she vox populi) the base of an ideal marriage should be mutual love and understandingbut she never put money and love ai the reverse gear position instead, she showed that money played a key role in an ideal marriage. In Sun Zhilis preface for his translation of Pride and Prejudice she accepted Collins proposal just for the purpose to assume a good home, a safe box which ensured that she can be protected from cold and hunger. She didnt mind the fact that she couldnt be intimate the happiness of love after she got marriage. And to some extent, it reflects the miserable fate of women.It shows us that how the subjectivity influences the translation, in the example above, the distaff translator, influenced by gender consciousness, can better grasp and reproduce the details related to feminine in the original text. However, the male translator, lacking the gender consciousness, often neglects these details, and even snap off or distorts the feminist purpose in the original text.2. Theory foundation and their strength and weakness2.1 Sherry Simon and her Gender in Translation Cultural individuality and the Politics of Transmission Sherry Simon and her Gender in Tran slation Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission, which is one of her most significant monographs of translation studies and is also the first comprehensive discussion of the western translation studies from feminist perspective. The book principally explored the influence on translation theory and practice on the fork of feminism based on political and literary movement. In Simons words, the book is the product of feminism and translation studies from the perspective of culture. It abandoned the handed-down translation theory and held that translation was not a simple robotic language conversion ,but also the constant extension the renewal of an oceanic number of text discourses.Therefore, translation, considered as an act of writing through play up the subjectivity of the translator, is also a rewriting behaviour in specialized social, historical and cultural context. Sherry Simon concentrated on the discussion of replacing those trite language by means of the po sitive discourses that enable to convey the ladder of identity in translation practice. Sherry Simons feminist theory has embarrassed the shackles of translational translation theory, promoting the play of individual initiative, advocating individual interest and ask and recognizing the individual world view.(Simon 1996105-108)Simon focus on underlining the importance of the cultural turn in translation.Cultural studies brings translation an understanding of the complexities of gender and culture. It allows us to prepare linguistic transfer within the multiple come in realities of today persuadestructuralism, post colonialism and postmodernism.(Simon 1996136)Thus Simon links gender and cultural studies to the development in the post colonialism. The exact scope of post colonialism is open to some debate however, it is in the main used to cover studies of the history of the former colonies, studies of powerful European empires , safeguard to the colonialist powers and, more broadly, studies of the effect of the imbalance of power relations between colonized and colonizer. The consequent crossover between different contemporary disciplines can be seen by the fact that essays by her and Lefevere appear in collections of postcolonial writings on translation, and Simon herself makes extensive reference to the postcolonialist Spivak.(Jeremy 2010133)2.2 Luise Von Flotow Translation and Gender Translating in the Era of FeminismFollowed by Sherry Simon, Luise Von Flotow wrote her Translation and Gender Translating in the Era of Feminism . aft(prenominal) the normalation of this book, there came into being a lot of thesis about the feminist translation theory almost at the same time. The importance of it is quite evident. However, does it rightly or properly criticize and comment on the feminist translation perspective? We know that (a) the book systemati listy expounded the origin, development of the feminism, as well as its relationship with translation. (b) And it perfectly combined theory and example by citing abundant cases. The most heating topic was her three feminist translation strategies supplementing, prefacing and footnoting as well as hijacking.She explained to us those methods the translators use in their work elaborately. (c) More importantly, as a women, Luise did not hold a bigoted idea, but a justice one to feminism. All of those are strengths, but (a) the language she studied focused on Hebrew, French, and German which all of them have typical gender, number and case. It is not win over for the Chinese, Japanese and Korean readers for their language can not be patently distinguished. (b) her criticizes from Outside Feminism and Within Feminism leave us an upshot that the feminism overemphasize their manipulative and political act by tamper and the authors writing style, without regard to the readers feeling. Presenting to us their colonialism in translation. (Flotow 2004)2.3 Barbara Godards Views on feminist tr anslation studies. Barbara Godard was born in Toronto in 1941, she was one of the most renowned feminist translators who were the first to engage in feminist translation. She published sestet translation works including dozens of translations of poetries, proses and fiction excerpts. Godard emphasized on the indite of women and the translator in the translation. She wrote prefaces all her translators, showing her rejection of invisible women, translators and translations.An important baring she found was that the language differences between women and men, she found that women must put female language translated in to patriarchal language when they got involved in to the public domain, so women were bilingual, with at least two kind of visions of expression at reality. However, men has a single perspective because of their power positions of masters. When it came to the translation of womens work, this narrow perspective of men were in full exposed.What she sought was not the one to one correspondence between the translation work and the original texts, but the recreation of the translation to the feminism in the original text. Godard was utterly a pioneer in western feminist translation and her feminist translation practice and theory were extremely important for us to analyse the western feminist translation. However,(a) her works were so radical that it was almost out of the question for the translators to find the so-called equivalence of the original work and the translation work. (b) Godards translation were indeed limited to the highly educated elite readers for she thought it was one of the strategies of feminism that required the text of elitism to make the text more readable.3. Conclusion It is regarded as a good way to improve the womens social status with language and translation, we are also delighted to see the improvement of the subjectivity and the translators, but it will become debateable if the translators attempt to change the styl e of the original work, or rewrite it to serve their political act. If the translation is not fidelity ,we wont care whether it is beautiful or not. What we should do is not to rewrite all the works forcefully, but fully analyzing and translating the feminist works with female consciousness, so that our voice can be heard,and our female consciousness can be released from the male-centered one.( 2002)The translation theory and translation practice now mainly focus on some typical literary translation and texts, but not spread to the people at bottom. It is suggested that the mass reading and some other aspects should also be involved.As for China, we still did not have any formal feminist movement, overconfident we lack of the deep research about translation. Hence we havent achieved a remarkable achievement concerning the feminist translation. We should avail ourselves of this opportunity to call on Chinese translators apply this feminist consciousness into their translation. Becau se it benefits not exclusively the development of feminism, the gender study, but also the translation studies. The revolution of the translation may be a revolution of literature, and a revolution of tender culture.